Types of Conflict in Literature and How to Write Them

Types of Conflict in Literature

First, let’s define conflict in literature

Before we look at the different types of conflict that exist, let’s gain a general understanding of conflict and its role in literature.

Function of Different Types of Conflicts in Literature

Importance of Conflict in Literature

To truly appreciate the importance of conflict in literature, let's break down into key roles that conflict plays.

Driving the Plot

First and foremost, conflict is the primary driver of the plot. The story begins when a conflict arises and ends when it is resolved. Without a conflict, there is no plot, and without a plot, there is no story. 

Developing Characters

Conflict provides an avenue for character development. As characters respond to conflicts, their true nature, strengths, weaknesses, and motivations are revealed. This character revelation forces character growth, making the characters more relatable and allows readers to become emotionally invested in their journey.

Creating Suspense

Conflict keeps readers hooked. It creates suspense and intrigue, prompting readers to turn the page to find out what happens next. The uncertainty of how a conflict will be resolved creates a sense of anticipation which is at the heart of a great story.

Conveying Themes

Conflict also serves as a vehicle for conveying the underlying themes of a story. Through the conflicts the characters face and how they deal with them, authors can explore the themes they want readers to reflect on be it about love, loss, courage, or other facets of the human condition.

Types of Conflict in Literature

Internal vs. External Conflict

Conflict can generally be categorized into two types: internal and external conflict. Both types play essential roles in a story for different reasons. Great stories have elements of both types of conflict.

Internal Conflict

Internal conflict is a psychological struggle that takes place within a character psychologically, often involving feelings of fear, doubt, moral dilemma, or desire. 

This form of conflict can be a powerful tool in a character arc, as it enables the reader to experience the protagonist's psyche and understand their motivations or fears on a deeper level. Internal conflict can make characters more relatable, complex, and compelling, thereby enhancing the reader's investment in the story. 

An example of internal conflict in literature is found in Jane Eyre by Charlotte Bronte, where the protagonist must reconcile her passion for Mr. Rochester with her sense of morality and integrity. 

External Conflict

External conflict, on the other hand, is a struggle that occurs between a character and an outside force, such as another character, society, or nature. This type of conflict drives the plot forward with action and responses.

Whether it's a hero battling a villain, a character fighting societal norms, or man versus nature, external conflict sets the stage for dramatic confrontations and pivotal plot points. 

An example of external conflict in literature can be found in The Crucible by Arthur Miller, where John Proctor must contend with the moral pressures of Salem's theocratic society. 

Both types of conflict are impactful for a narrative and often work in tandem. While external conflict propels the storyline and shapes the plot, internal conflict deepens character development and emotional resonance. Together, they create a story with dimension and depth.

Within internal and external conflicts exist specific types of conflict. Characters can be confronted with a diverse range of sources of conflict, leading to compelling narratives and thought-provoking storytelling. Let’s look at the different types of conflict writers employ.

Types of Conflict in a Story

Character vs. Self

This type of conflict is a core internal conflict, a deeply personal and introspective struggle that the protagonist faces within themselves. It encompasses the complex interplay of their emotions, fears, morals, and desires. By conflicting with themselves, characters face dilemmas and decisions that have profound implications for their identity and character development.

An example of this type of conflict can be found in The Catcher in the Rye by J.D. Salinger, where protagonist Holden Caulfield must grapple with his feelings of loneliness that are more deeply brought on by his aversion and negativity to everything around him. He is in conflict with his own perspective, one he must overcome.

It is through navigating these intricate internal battles that individuals are truly tested and are able to discover the depths of their own resilience, growth, and self-discovery.

Conflict Types in Literature

Character vs. Character

In a Character vs. Character conflict, the main character finds themselves up against another character whose desires or interests completely clash with theirs. This kind of conflict can show up in different ways, like physical fights, but it can also play out through social dynamics, emotional tensions, or differing beliefs.

A classic example is the rivalry between Elizabeth Bennet and Mr. Darcy in Pride and Prejudice. Their conflict stems from their initial misunderstandings and biases against each other. As the story unfolds, they have to face and work through their differences to find a happy ending.

Keyword here...

Character vs. Society

In this kind of conflict, the protagonist often finds themselves clashing with societal norms or laws, which creates a lot of tension. They face a tough choice: stick to society's rules or take a stand against them, usually with significant personal stakes involved.

Let’s look at Nathaniel Hawthorne's The Scarlet Letter, for example. It tells the gripping story of Hester Prynne, who is shunned by society for her adultery. Her journey dives deep into the complexities of human nature and the heavy weight of judgment, making it a timeless exploration of how society can impact individuals.

Conflict Types in a Story

Character vs. Fate

In a Character vs. Fate conflict, the main character fights against their destiny or the life circumstances that seem set in stone. Think prophecies, omens, or some kind of divine intervention, showcasing the struggle against tough odds. These conflicts can be quite existential, inviting readers to reflect on concepts such as free will, destiny, and how much control we actually have over our lives.

In Shakespeare's famous tragedy, Macbeth, Macbeth's chilling encounter with witches and their prophecy sets him on a path to regicide, paranoia, and ultimately his downfall. It’s a powerful reminder of how ambition and defying fate can lead to tragic consequences.

Types of Conflict in Literature

Character vs. Nature

The conflict of Man vs. Nature arises when the protagonist is pitted against formidable natural forces. It includes challenges like dealing with harsh weather, running into wild animals, or even fighting off an illness that tests their resilience and determination.

One example can be seen in Mary Shelley's Frankenstein, where Victor Frankenstein struggles to complete his experiments amid a raging storm and an avalanche.

Literary Conflict Types

Character vs. Supernatural

In this kind of conflict, characters face off against powerful forces that go beyond what humans can grasp. These forces range from creepy ghosts, to scary monsters, or even mysterious divine beings. It's this encounter with the unknown that adds a thrilling sense of unpredictability and suspense to the story, keeping readers on the edge of their seats.

A great example of this can be found in Bram Stoker's iconic novel, Dracula. In this captivating tale, the protagonist, Jonathan Harker, finds himself embroiled in a harrowing battle against a formidable and ancient vampire.

Types of Conflict in Literature

Character vs. Technology

In this type of conflict, characters deal with the impact of technology, whether it’s AI, advanced machines, or other high-tech innovations. The protagonist might struggle with the unexpected outcomes of tech or face a dystopian world where technology has completely changed society.

A classic instance of character vs. technology conflict can be found in Michael Crichton's dystopian fiction Jurassic Park. The central conflict arises from the misuse of genetic engineering technology, which leads to the creation of live dinosaurs that eventually wreak havoc on the park's visitors.